THE United States of America and her Britannic Majesty, being desirous of consolidating the relations of amity which so happily subsist between them, by setting forth and fixing in a convention their views and intentions with reference to any means of communication by ship canal, which may be constructed between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, by the way of the River San Juan de Nicaragua, and either or both of the lakes of Nicaragua or Managua, to any port or place on the Pacific Ocean: the President of the United States has conferred full powers on John M. Clayton, Secretary of State of the United States; and her Britannic Majesty on the Right Honorable Sir Henry Lytton Bulwer, a member of her Majesty's Most Honorable Privy Council, Knight Commander of the Most Honorable Order of the Bath, and Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of her Britannic Majesty to the United States, for the aforesaid purpose; and the said plenipotentiaries, having exchanged their full powers, which were found to be in proper form, have agreed to the following articles:
미국과 영국
여왕 폐하는 상호간에 적절히 유지되고 있는
우호적 관계를 굳건히 하기 위하여,
대서양과
태평양 사이에 선적 운하를 통한 어떠한 통신수단이 구축될 수 있도록,
니카라과의 산 후안 강과 니카라과 또는 마나과 호수 중 하나 또는 양쪽을 경유하여 태평양상의 임의의 항구나 장소로 연결하는 의견과 의도를 협약으로 명확하게 규정하고 확립하기를 원한다. 이를 위해
미국 대통령은 미국
국무장관인
존 M. 클레이턴에게 완전한 권한을 부여하였으며, 여왕 폐하는 폐하의
영국 추밀원 의원이자 폐하의 바스 기사이며 폐하의 특명대사로서 미국에 파견된
헨리 리튼 불워 경에게 전권을 부여하였다. 그리고 양측의 특사들은 자신들의 완전한 권한을 교환하였으며, 이는 적절한 형식을 갖추고 있다고 확인되었다. 따라서 다음의 조항에 동의하였다.
ARTICLE I. The governments of the United States and Great Britain hereby declare, that neither the one nor the other will ever obtain or maintain for itself any exclusive control over the said ship canal; agreeing that neither will ever erect or maintain any fortifications commanding the same or in the vicinity thereof, or occupy, or fortify, or colonize, or assume or exercise any dominion over Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the Mosquito coast, or any part of Central America; nor will either make use of any protection which either affords or may afford, or any alliance which either teas or may have, to or with any State or people, for the purpose of erecting or maintaining any such fortifications, or of occupying, fortifying, or colonizing Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the Mosquito coast, or any part of Central America, or of assuming or exercising dominion over the same; nor will the United States or Great Britain take advantage of any intimacy, or use any alliance, connection, or influence that either may possess, with any State or government through whose territory the said canal may pass, for the purpose of acquiring or holding, directly or indirectly, for the citizens or subjects of the one, any rights or advantages in regard to commerce or navigation through the said canal which shall not be offered on the same terms to the citizens or subjects of the other.
제1조. 미국과 영국 정부는 여기서,
양측이나 다른 쪽이 상기 선박 운하에 대해 독점적인 통제를 얻거나 유지하지 않을 것을 선언한다. 또한 상기 선박 운하를 지휘하거나 근처에 명령을 내리거나 유지하지 않을 것에 동의하며, 니카라과, 코스타리카, 모스키토 해안 또는 중앙아메리카의
어떤 부분도 점령하거나 강화하거나 식민지화하거나 지배권을 행사하지 않을 것에 동의한다. 양국은 또한 양측이나 다른 국가나 인민과 체결한 어떤 보호 또는 협력 관계를 이용하여 상기 강화물을 설치하거나 유지하거나 니카라과, 코스타리카, 모스키토 해안 또는 중앙아메리카를 점령, 강화 또는 식민지화하거나 지배권을 행사하지 않을 것에 동의한다. 또한 미국이나 영국은 상기 운하가 통과하는 어떤 국가나 정부를 통해 갖게 되는 어떤 친밀함, 연합, 연결 또는 영향을 이용하여 상기 운하를 통한 무역이나 항해에 대해 양측의 시민이나 국민에게 제공되는 것과 동일하지 않은 어떤 권리나 이점을 직접 또는 간접적으로 획득하거나 보유하는 목적으로 이용하지 않을 것에 동의한다.
ARTICLE II. Vessels of the United States or Great Britain traversing the said canal shall, in case of war between the contracting parties, be exempted from blockade, detention, or capture by either of the belligerents; and this provision shall extend to such a distance from the two ends of the said canal as may hereafter be found expedient to establish.
제2조. 미국 또는 영국의 선박이 상기 운하를 통행하는 경우, 계약 당사자 간의
전쟁 발생 시, 어느 한 전쟁 당사자로부터의 봉쇄, 검류 또는 포로로 취급되는 것을 면제받을 것이며, 이 조항은 상기 운하의 양 끝에서 나중에 부여될 수 있는 효과적인 거리까지 확대될 것이다.
ARTICLE III. In order to secure the construction of the said canal, the contracting parties engage, that, if any such canal shall be undertaken upon fair and equitable terms, by any parties having the authority of the local government or governments through whose territory the same may pass, then the persons employed in making the said canal, and their property used or to be used for that object, shall be protected, from the commencement of the said canal to its completion, by the governments of the United States and Great Britain, from unjust detention, confiscation seizure, or any violence whatsoever.
제3조. 상기한 운하의 건설을 보장하기 위해, 계약 당사자는 만약 어떤 국내 정부 또는 정부들의 권한을 가진 당사자들이 공정하고 공평한 조건으로 운하를 착수할 경우, 상기 운하의 건설에 종사하는 사람들과 그들이 사용하거나 사용될 재산은 미국과 영국 정부로부터 어떠한 불공정한 구류, 몰수, 압류 또는 어떠한 폭력에도 보호받을 것이다.
ARTICLE IV. The contracting parties will use whatever influence they respectively exercise with any State, states, or governments, possessing, or claiming to possess, any jurisdiction or right over the territory which the said canal shall traverse, or which shall be near the waters applicable thereto, in order to induce such states or governments to facilitate the construction of the said canal by every means in their power; and furthermore, the United States and Great Britain agree to use their good offices, wherever or however it may be most expedient, in order to procure the establishment of two free ports, one at each end of the said canal.
제4조. 계약 당사자는 각각이 맡고 있는 국가, 국가들 또는 영토에 대해 어떠한 관할권 또는 권리를 가지거나 주장하는 국가 또는 정부에게 영향력을 행사할 것이며, 그들을 동력의 모든 수단을 동원하여 이와 관련된 물에 인접한 영토를 가로지나가는 이 수로의 건설을 촉진하도록 권장할 것이다. 또한, 미국과 영국은 그들의 선량한 역할을 사용하여, 어디에서든지 또는 어떠한 방법으로든 가장 효율적인 방법으로, 이 수로의 각 단절 지점에 하나씩 두 개의 자유항구 설립을 촉진하기 위해 노력할 것이다.
ARTICLE V. The contracting parties further engage that, when the said canal shall have been completed, they will protect it from interruption, seizure, or Unjust confiscation, and that they will guarantee the neutrality thereof, so that the said canal may forever be open and free, and the capital invested therein secure. Nevertheless, the governments of the United States and Great Britain, in according their protection to the construction of the said canal, and guaranteeing its neutrality and security when completed, always understand that this protection and guarantee are granted conditionally, and may be withdrawn by both governments, or either government, if both governments, or either government should deem that the persons or company undertaking or managing the same adopt or establish such regulations concerning the traffic thereupon as are contrary to the spirit and intention of this convention, either by making unfair discriminations in favor of the commerce of one of the contracting parties over the commerce of the other, or by imposing oppressive exactions or unreasonable tolls upon passengers, vessels, goods, wares, merchandise, or other articles. Neither party, however, shall withdraw the aforesaid protection and guarantee, without first giving six months notice to the other.
제5조. 계약 당사자는 또한 합의합니다. 상기 운하가 완성되었을 때 그 운하를 중단, 압류 또는 불공정한 몰수로부터 보호하고, 그 중립성을 보장함으로써 상기 운하가 영원히 개방되고 자유롭게 유지되며, 그곳에 투자된 자본도 안전하도록 할 것입니다. 그러나 미국 정부와 영국 정부는 상기 운하의 건설에 대한 보호를 제공하고 완성 시 중립성과 안전을 보장하는 데 있어서 이 보호와 보장이 조건적으로 부여된다는 점을 항상 이해합니다. 또한, 만일 양측 정부나 한 정부가 상기 운하를 경영하거나 관리하는 개인이나 회사가 이 협약의 정신과 의도에 반하는 규정을 채택하거나 마련할 경우, 즉 계약 당사자 중 어느 한쪽 상업을 다른 계약 당사자의 상업보다 우대하도록 불공정한 차별을 하는 것이나 승객, 선박, 상품 또는 기타 물품에 과도한 세금을 부과하는 것과 같이 이러한 규정을 마련할 경우, 양측 정부나 한 정부는 상기 보호와 보장을 모두 또는 어느 한 측 정부가 철회할 수 있다고 생각합니다. 그러나 양 당사자는 상기 보호와 보장을 철회하기 전에 서로에게 6개월 전에 통지하지 않을 것입니다.
ARTICLE VI. The contracting parties in this convention engage to invite every State with which both or either have friendly intercourse, to enter into stipulations with them similar to those which they have entered into with each other, to the end that all other States may share in the honor and advantage of having contributed to a work of such general interest and importance as the canal herein contemplated. And the contracting parties likewise agree that each shall enter into treaty stipulations with such of the Central American States as they may deem advisable, for the purpose of more effectually carrying out the great design of this convention, namely, that of constructing and maintaining the said canal as a ship communication between the two oceans, for the benefit of mankind, on equal terms to all, and of protecting the same; and they also agree, that the good offices of either shall be employed, when requested by the other, in aiding and assisting the negotiation of such treaty stipulations; and should any differences arise as to right or property over the territory through which the said canal shall pass, between the States or governments of Central America,-and such differences should, in any way, impede or obstruct the execution of the said canal, the governments of the United States and Great Britain will use their good offices to settle such promote the interests of the said canal, and to differences in the manner best suited to strengthen the bonds of friendship and alliance which exist between the contracting parties.
ARTICLE VII. It being desirable that no time should be unnecessarily lost in commencing and constructing the said canal, the governments of the United States and Great Britain determine to give their support and encouragement to such persons or company as may first offer to commence the same, with the necessary capital, the consent of the local authorities, and on such principles as accord with the spirit and intention of this convention; and if any persons or company should already have, with any State through which the proposed ship canal may pass, a contract for the construction of such a canal as that specified in this convention, to the stipulations of which contract neither of the contracting parties in this convention have any just cause to object, and the said persons or company shall, moreover, have made preparations, and expended time, money, and trouble, on the faith of such contract, it is hereby agreed that such persons or company shall have a priority of claim, over every other person, persons, or company, to the protection of the governments of the United States and Great Britain, and be allowed a year from the date of the exchange of the ratifications of this convention for concluding their arrangements, and presenting evidence of sufficient capital subscribed to accomplish the contemplated undertaking; it being understood that if, at the expiration of the aforesaid period, such persons or company be not able to commence and carry out the proposed enterprise, then the governments of the United States and Great Britain shall be free to afford their protection to any other persons or company that shall be prepared to commence and proceed with the construction of the canal in question.
ARTICLE VIII. The governments of the United States and Great Britain having not only desired, in entering into this convention, to accomplish a particular object, but also to establish a general principle, they hereby agree to extend their protection, by treaty stipulations, to any other practicable communications, whether by canal or railway, across the isthmus which connects North and South America, and especially to the inter oceanic communications, should the same prove to be practicable, whether by canal or railway, which are now proposed to be established by the way of Tehuantepec or Panama. In granting, however, their joint protection to any such canals or railways as are by this article specified, it is always understood by the United States and Great Britain that the parties constructing or owning the same shall impose no other charges or conditions of traffic thereupon than the aforesaid govern. meets shall approve of as just and equitable; and that the same canals or railways, being open to the citizens and subjects of the United States and Great Britain on equal terms, shall also be open on like terms to the citizens and subjects of every other State which is willing to grant thereto such protection as the United States and Great Britain engage to afford.
ARTICLE IX. The ratifications of this convention shall be exchanged at Washington within six months from this day, or sooner if possible. In faith whereof, we, the respective plenipotentiaries, have sinned this convention, and have hereunto affixed our seals.
Done at Washington, the nineteenth day of April, anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and fifty.
JOHN M. CLAYTON, [L. S.]
HENRY LYTTON BULWER. [L.S.]
1850년 4월 19일, 워싱턴에서 체결되었습니다.
존 M. 클레이턴, [인]
헨리 불워. [인]
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